Study of Serum Adenosine Deaminase -2 (ADA-2) Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Prevent joint pain early detection of Rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) is required. Adenosine deaminase-2 (ADA-2) plays a vital role in R.A. Our study aimed to assay the level of serum ADA-2 activity for R.A. patients. Purification of ADA-2 from the serum of patients and study cytotoxicity of purified ADA-2 on breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line and standard cell line (WRL-68). Activity levels of t-ADA, ADA-1, and ADA-2 were estimated. Also, isolated and purified ADA-2 from serum R.A, and finally, the cytotoxic activity of purified ADA-2 on MFC-7 and WRL -68 cells for 24h was examined using MTT assay. A significant increase (p≤ 0.0001) in ADA-t and ADA-2 activity for R.A. patients compared to healthy adults. The specific activity of the purified ADA-2 was 13 U/mg protein, with 16.3 folds of purification and 59.4% enzyme recovery. Also, ADA-2 is a single band and has a molecular weight of 105 K Da. Cell line viability showed that purified ADA-2 inhibited breast cancer cell line growth (MFC-7) at an IC50 level of 133.7 μg/ml more than the affected standard cell line  (WRL-68) IC50 302 μg /ml. Also, the cytotoxicity of the enzyme is higher at lower concentrations. The level of ADA-2 can be used for diagnosing R.A. disease.  Purifying ADA-2 and showing its inhibitory effect on MCF-7 at low concentrations helps its use as an anti-breast cancer marker and studying the impact of anti-drugs on developing breast cancer.